EAC-1101 In March 1958, NEC finished its first digital computer, the NEAC-1101. This machine used parametrons, invented by Eiichi Goto in 1954, and was perfected by using a single-turn transformer coupling system independently devised by NEC. This computer was designed for scientific and engineering calculations, and was Japan's first computer to use floating point operations. It was capable of decimal 7-digit floating point operations. It used 3,600 parametrons, 29 types of instructions, and had average performance of 3.5ms for addition/subtraction and 8.0ms for multiplication/division. The memory employed ferrite cores (magnetic core matrix system using the 2 ACs with different frequency), and memory capacity was 256 words (32-digit configuration). The NEAC-1101 was enhanced via improvements like expanding the memory capacity to 512 words, and was used for about 8 years for scientific and engineering calculations at NEC's research laboratory. The results from developing this computer contributed greatly to the development of subsequent parametron computers at NEC.
> In 1954, Eiichi Goto invented the parametron, a logic device leveraging nonlinear parametric oscillation with two ferrite cores. Unlike the vacuum tube and early transistor circuits prevalent at the time, the parametron offered remarkable stability, requiring minimal maintenance compared to vacuum tubes with short lifetime and costing significantly less than both vacuum tubes and nascent transistors. Its simplicity and reliability made it an ideal foundation for computer design. Early applications showcased its superior fault tolerance over competing technologies, such as vacuum tubes with relatively short-lifetime, slow electromechanical relays, and unstable point-contact transistors.
Meanwhile, in the US, the Univac Solid State computer[1] used similar principles in its patented[3] "Solid State Logic"[2], and was also released in 1958.
My understanding is that the magnetic amplifiers used in the V2 rocket kicked off a lot of interesting uses of magnetic cores.
During WWII, Germany used magnetic amplifiers in many different kinds of military equipment, because they had the advantage of being much more rugged and reliable than the electronic devices available at that time.
After WWII, the technology of magnetic amplifiers was one of many technologies that USA took from Germany and provided to US companies (like also the Soviet Union did with their part of Germany, but while USA took the technical documentation and samples of the products, the Soviet Union moved entire factories to Russia, piece by piece).
The quantum flux parametron is a really fascinating design and I always wondered why no one talks about it. You can get to GHz range easily and computing will be adiabatic. Its based on Josephson-junctions so you need to provide very low temperatures. I always thought it was a more promising next gen compute technology than the current quantum computers. Especially when you get to write your own SQUIDs in a SEM. Its like two long rectangles with pads at the end+thin insulator on top+two wires for the contacts for a SQUID sandwich and suddenly you can do complex quantum circuits.
Goto (as in "Go to") and Goto (as in the romaji version of one of 後藤, 五藤, 五島, …) is simple two things that sound/look the same when written in ASCII w/o spaces. :)
The last name "Goto" in this case is actually read Gotou (ごとう), but romanization methods are their own flamewar. There's much less emphasis put on the "go" part than the "tou", so pronunciation doesn't actually sound anything like the English word "goto" at all.
Imagine the spanish word gato. Now elongate the "to", and change the ga to go, and you're close.
Very common in Japan, it seems: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Got%C5%8D_(surname) . (Confusingly there is both a Mariko Goto who used to be the singer in a band named Midori and a Japanese-American violinist named Midori Goto.)
https://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/dawn/0017.html
https://ethw.org/Milestones:Parametron,_1954#Invention_of_th...
My understanding is that the magnetic amplifiers used in the V2 rocket kicked off a lot of interesting uses of magnetic cores.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC_Solid_State
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_logic
[3] https://patents.google.com/patent/US2709798A/en
After WWII, the technology of magnetic amplifiers was one of many technologies that USA took from Germany and provided to US companies (like also the Soviet Union did with their part of Germany, but while USA took the technical documentation and samples of the products, the Soviet Union moved entire factories to Russia, piece by piece).
Not sure if the principal is similar or not. (There was one down at the Bletchley computing museum many years ago when I went down)
Or break-word - feel like nobody uses that one even though it has the best name for what I want to do.
Anyway
Is it nominative determinism if it's 2 years before the introduction of Goto (1956, Fortran apparently)
Or maybe it was named in his honour?
Imagine the spanish word gato. Now elongate the "to", and change the ga to go, and you're close.
It's like saying Bob Gif is pronounced with a J so sounds nothing like the file format.....